工程人文实论

At present, our country is in the largest and fastest process of urbanization in the history of mankind. “Engineering”, as an important foundation for urbanization, and “Humanity”, the core for urbanization, they attract increasingly attention. Nowadays there are so many professional works in the field of “Engineering” and “Humanity”, but rare combined works of these two parts, let alone analyze “Engineering and Humanity” in simple terms with the combination of theory and practice as an engineering practitioner. In this sense, Analysis on Engineering and Humanity written by Professor Lu Guiqing is evidently rare treasures.

Engineering is the concrete reflection of human creation. The creation of engineering activities not simply presents an activity for material production but contains the spirit of humanism. Engineering activity needs to choose, combine and integrate both all material and technical factors and all humanistic factors. Humanity is an intrinsic attribute that cannot be ignored. Engineering should “serve for the people”. Every so-called engineering effort which values “materialism” and despises “humanity”, stresses “presentation” and ignores “connotation”, pursues “minor details” and abandons “major parts” violates the essence of “serve the people” in engineering, which can be regarded as the loss of humanism spirits. In this book, based on “Engineering” as the basic point and “Humanity” as the core, the author comprehensively and systematically combs related engineering historical and cultural context, abstracts spirit of “humanity” in the “Engineering”, analyzes the loss of humanism spirits and its causes in the process of urbanization, thus improving the thinking to the height of “Chinese Urbanization should ‘serve for people’ ”.

Nowadays urbanization facing a critical time of transformation, based on which the author put forward his thinking that the relationship between “engineering” and “human” should be accurately dealt with to meet the essential requirement of “better city, better life”. This accurately grasps the pulse of the times and conforms to the historical trend.

According to the author’s opinion, man is both the “user” and the “builder” of engineering; while engineering “depends on man” and is also “made for man”; thus both the construction outcome and its process of engineering should reflect the concept of people-orientation. Then people’s active role in the engineering construction can be protruded. At present, during the process of urbanization construction, the main attention goes on the economic boom but not on the organic inheritance of history and culture, on the expansion of city scale but not on the protection of the ecological environment, on the urban material life but not on the spiritual civilization. Facing such “humanity lost”, the author calls on that as a citizen, especially as a engineering participant, people should make some changes and take some measures instead of being insensitive to leave those problems unchecked. The author, a leader of large state-owned construction enterprise, based on his hands-on practice, summarizes the beneficial exploration and original experience of his own enterprise and other organizations that adhere to humanistic orientation in the process of engineering construction; he also rigidly points out the causes of “illness” and prescribes the “medicine” to it, sincerely hoping that the whole society can be alerted to the problem of “humanity lost” in the process of urbanization construction and can feel awesome to nature, history and humanity, hoping people’s demands of “humanity” of urbanization can be high-lightened and recovered. This not only reflects the author’s comprehensive understanding and deep insights of the engineering essence, but also reflects the spirit, courage, responsibility of the leaders’ in the modern construction industry. The sense of his mission to the nature, culture and livelihood is quite admirable.

This book, with vivid examples, specific analysis and clear logic, is easy to understand. It is valuable in the study of urbanization from the aspect of humanities and social science. Owing to its great value in academy, actual practice, theory and application, the book is available for government policymakers, academic researchers, especially the workers in construction enterprises for the application of humanistic practice.

Lu Guiqing, who is always in the forefront of the engineering construction, has the qualities of erudition, query, deliberation, and thoughtfulness. After all, he is a great contributor in the reform of state-owned enterprises. Being the main chief of China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau since 2002, he has turned the troubled enterprise into a brand new one. In the past 11 years, the scale of operation increases from over 2 billion to over 130 billion, and the general assets increases from over 2 billion to over 40 billion. Generally speaking, the profit of enterprise transfers from a loss situation to 2.5 billion and the average income of the works increases over 20%. Achieving a sustained, rapid, scientific development, the enterprise’s economic indicator presents as 85 growth curve which is commended as “The Phenomenon of China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau” by the field of the press, the theorists and the enterprises. Lu Guiqing makes a great contribution to the management innovation. The people in the field of construction and other fields speak highly of his works, like “The Dujiangyan Triangle Rule”, “square-circle map of engineering project cost management”, Analysis on Scentific Management of Construction Engineering Enterprise, and the Faith·Harmony Manual etc. The book, Analysis on Engineering and Humanity not only presents his thoughts but also show his sympathy to the world and his courage to be pioneer

I respect him and admire what he has done, so I write the preface.

Zhang Jinqiu 2014-6

绪论/001

工程的概念/019

第一节工程的基本概念/020

一、社会性/023

二、综合性/023

三、实践性/024

四、技术上、经济上和建筑艺术上的统一性/024

第二节工程的本质特征/025

一、“用”：工程的使用特征/025

二、“固”：工程的坚固特征/026

三、“美”：工程的审美特征/028

第三节工程的人文内涵/030

一、以人为本/030

二、道法自然/035

三、天人相宜/037

工程与人居/039

第一节古代工程与人居/040

一、原始社会的工程——人居起源/040

二、游牧社会的工程——移动人居/043

三、农耕社会的工程——村落人居/045

第二节现代工程与人居/046

一、工业化社会的工程——城市聚居/046

二、信息化社会的工程——市镇聚居/048

第三节自然因素中的工程与人居/050

一、“风水”差异/051

二、气候差异/052

三、地形差异/055

四、材料与技术差异/057

第四节文化因素中的工程与人居/059

一、地区文化差异/060

二、民族文化差异/062

工程文化的形成与发展/065

第一节文化与工程文化/066

一、文化的概念/066

二、工程与文化/067

三、工程文化的内涵/068

第二节工程文化的组成与形成/069

一、工程文化的组成/069

二、工程文化的形成/070

第三节中西方工程文化比较/076

一、敬祖先与尚神灵/076

二、“天人相宜”与“天人相斥”/077

三、群体与个体/079

四、守成与变革/080

五、静态与动态/081

第四节工程文化的传承与保护/082

一、工程文化传承与保护的意义/082

二、工程文化传承与保护的措施/083

中国工程企业文化特色/087

第一节工程企业文化/088

一、工程企业文化的基本概念/089

二、工程企业文化的主要内涵/089

三、工程企业文化的构成要素/093

四、工程企业文化的特征/095

五、工程企业文化的功能/097

第二节“信·和”文化建设实践/098

一、“信·和”主流文化的主要来源/099

二、“信·和”主流文化建设过程/106

工程与艺术/117

第一节工程与艺术的关系/118

一、工程的艺术内涵/119

二、工程是艺术的载体/119

第二节工程艺术的审美特征/120

一、物质与精神的统一/121

二、实用与审美的统一/121

三、科技与文化的统一/122

四、造型与环境的统一/122

第三节工程艺术的美学体现/123

一、形式美/123

二、内容美/123

三、思想美/124

四、案例：长沙中建大厦的艺术性分析/125

第四节工程建筑艺术语言/129

一、空间/129

二、形体/130

三、色彩/131

四、材质/132

第五节中西方工程艺术对比/132

一、中西工程建筑特征比较/132

二、中西工程建筑类型比较/137

中国工程建设的人文精神/145

第一节都江堰水利工程/146

一、都江堰水利工程的“前世今生”/146

二、都江堰水利工程的“人本之光”/149

第二节三门峡水利枢纽工程案例分析/152

一、三门峡水利工程的“来龙去脉”/152

二、三门峡水利工程的“人本之殇”/154

第三节小浪底水利枢纽工程案例分析/158

一、小浪底水利工程的“前因后果”/158

二、小浪底水利工程的“人本之归”/161

第四节工程人文精神的启示/164

一、自然的才是永恒的/165

二、本土的才是世界的/166

三、人文的才是根本的/167

中国城镇化建设的典型案例/169

第一节株洲神农城/170

一、神农城基本概况/170

二、神农城人文特征/176

第二节西安古城南门区域改造/184

一、西安古城南门区域改造基本概况/185

二、西安古城南门区域改造主要特色/189

第三节新型城镇社区建设/199

一、长沙梅溪湖/199

二、湘潭仰天湖/205

三、杭州良渚文化村/214

西方国家城镇化建设的经验与启示/221

第一节英国老城改造/222

一、伦敦东区改造/222

二、码头的改造/229

三、废弃矿坑改造——“伊甸园”项目建设/233

第二节法国旧城保护/238

一、对自然景观的建设和保护/239

二、对交通体系的建设和保护/241

三、对城市肌理的建设和保护/244

第三节意大利文化小镇建设/247

一、尊重自然环境/247

二、承载历史文化/248

三、完善城镇功能/250

第四节西方国家城镇化建设的启示/253

一、注重城与自然的和谐，打造天人相宜城市生态环境/253

二、注重城与历史的和谐，保护传承人类历史文化名城/254

三、注重城与市民的和谐，构筑宜居宜业城市生活空间/254

中国新型城镇化进程中工程建设的人文思考/257

第一节中国城镇化发展的历程/258

一、新中国成立后前三十年“组织起来”的时期，奠定根基/258

二、改革开放“活跃起来”的时期，快速发展/260

三、新型城镇化“和谐起来”的时期，提质协调/262

第二节中国城镇化建设的成就/264

一、城镇化水平持续快速提高，城镇体系不断完善/264

二、基础设施投入逐年增加，基础设施体系逐步成型/265

三、城镇之间联系更加紧密，区域城镇化框架逐步形成/266

四、城镇化发展理念根本转变，新型城镇化探索初见成效/267

第三节中国城镇化进程中工程建设的迷失现象与原因分析/269

一、中国城镇化进程中工程建设的迷失现象/269

二、中国城镇化进程中工程建设的迷失之因/275

第四节中国新型城镇化建设的新路径/281

一、中国城镇化建设要遵循“三畏”/281

二、中国城镇化建设要落实“三化”/2872100433B

作者在本书中围绕“工程”这个基点，以“人文”为内核，紧密结合自身30余年的工程领域实践，追根溯源，全面系统梳理了工程历史人文脉络，提炼出了工程人文精神，深刻剖析了中国城镇化进程中存在的人文迷失现象及原因，并以此立论，深入探索、研究、提出了中国新型城镇化建设“三畏”、“三化”的真挚良策。

全书共计9章，涵盖了工程与人居、工程与文化、工程与艺术以及中西方城镇化典型案例、中国城镇化建设的人文思考与建议等内容，可谓学术性与实践性兼备，理论意义与操作价值并存，是一本非常难得的准确把握城镇化人文方向的科学专著

内容简介

《教育部高职高专规划教材:景观人文概论》共分五章，主要内容包括：景观人文、景观人文•园林景观、景观人文•建筑景观、景观人文•环境景观、景观人文•鉴赏等。《教育部高职高专规划教材:景观人文概论》附光盘一张，含与《教育部高职高专规划教材:景观人文概论》内容相关的彩图200余幅，便于教师教学与学生理解，亦可作为收藏之用。2100433B

内容简介

工程活动离不开工程知识，而“具体的工程知识”又不等于“工程知识论”水平的认识。以“工程知识”为研究对象而形成的“工程知识论”既是工程哲学的重要组成部分，又是现代知识论的重要组成部分。本书是中国工程院工程管理学部组织我国工程界和哲学界有关专家立项合作研究工程知识论的成果，是国内外第一本专题研究工程知识论的学术专著。本书包括理论篇和案例篇两个部分。理论篇中指出以“人工物”为研究对象的“工程知识”不同于以“自然物”为研究对象的“科学知识”，着重从哲学角度分析和阐述了工程知识论的基本观点、工程知识的基本类型、工程知识的系统集成，从哲学角度分析和研究了工程决策和评估知识、工程规划和设计知识、工程管理知识、工程与自然和社会互动的知识，以及工程知识的传承、演化、传播。案例篇中结合冶金、航天、化工、铁路、水坝、信息等行业的典型案例进行了深入的分析和研究。

本书面向工程界、企业界、哲学界、社会科学界的有关公务员、政策研究人员和其他有兴趣的人士，特别是面向广大的工程师、理工院校的师生，可作为教学参考用书。2100433B