Concrete

1、a strong hard building material composed of sand and gravel and cement and water

Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土 ; 纤维增强混凝土 ; 被加固的混凝土

concrete vibrator [建] 混凝土振捣器 ; [建] 混凝土振动器 ; 混凝土震捣器

bituminous concrete [建] 沥青混凝土 ; 泊油路

foam concrete [建] 泡沫混凝土 ; 发泡混凝土 ; 房屋地政

concrete core 混凝土芯 ; 土芯 ; 混凝土心 ; 石矢尖凿

armored concrete 钢筋混凝土 ; 配筋混凝土 ; 钢筋的混凝土

concrete slab [建] 混凝土板 ; 混泥土板 ; 混凝土样本

concrete foundation 混凝土基础 ; 混凝土地基 ; 混泥土基础 ; 混凝土根蒂根基

2、tangible，something that can be percieved through sense

Concrete Product 具体产品 ; 实产品 ; 具体产品角色 ; 产品类

concrete evidence/proposals/proof确凿的证据；具体的建议；确实的证明

3、If a plan or idea isset in concreteorembedded in concrete, it is fixed and cannot be changed.

As Mr Blunkett emphasised, nothing is yet set in concrete.

正如布伦基特先生所强调的，一切都还没有定下来。

Our teaching should be alive, that it. concrete and experiential.

我们的教学应该是活的，它就是混凝土和体验。

Do not knead the pastry at this point or it will be like concrete.

别在这个时候捏油酥面团，不然它会变得像混凝土那样硬。

Have you any concrete plans about how to deal with these difficulties"para" label-module="para">

对怎样解决这些困难，你有没有什么具体的计划"sup--normal" data-sup="1" data-ctrmap=":1,"> [1]

专业例句： Basedonlargenumbersofexistingbridges,thispaperanalyzesandstudiesthedominantfactorswhichaffectthedurabilityofthereinforcedconcretebridges,suchastherustinessofreinforcingsteelbar,thefreeze-thawcycleofconcrete,thealkaline-aggregatereactionofconcrete.

本文根据大量的已建钢筋混凝土桥梁的运营状况，分析研究了影响钢筋混凝土桥梁结构耐久性的主要因素，如钢筋的锈蚀、混凝土的冻融循环、混凝土的碱集料反应等。2100433B

英[ˈkɒŋkriːt]美[ˈkɑːnkriːt]

scc(Self-Compacting Concrete)称为自充填混凝土:免振动捣实，即由自身重力穿越钢筋间隙，能充填於模板各角落之混凝土。

作用

自充填混凝土主要着重在新拌混凝土（Fresh Concrete）阶段流动性与模板充填能力之要求，而对于其硬固后之物理性质或力学性质并无直接关联，然而使用自充填混凝土的精神，主要即在于以改良混凝土的物理性质（流动性/模板充填能力），来达到确保钢筋混凝土构造物质量与可靠度的目的，同时藉由良好而确实的模板填充，更可提高钢筋混凝土构造物整体的耐久性与强度，至于混凝土应具有的抗压强度，则仍依结构设计需要而定。而就施工上而言，自充填混凝土施工特性上亦可有效改善劳工工作环境、降低施工处噪音、增进营建工程效率、解决特殊工程难题。2100433B

Contents

Preface .XI

CHAPTER 1 Introduction. 1

1.1 Development and features of reinforced concrete structure.1

1.2 Characteristics of this course.4

PART 1 MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE

CHAPTER 2 Basic Mechanical Behavior9

2.1 Material composition and characteristic10

2.1.1 Composition and internal structure10

2.1.2 Basic characteristics .13

2.1.3 General mechanism of failure process.17

2.2 Compressive strength.19

2.2.1 Cubic compressive strength19

2.2.2 Failure process of prism specimen.21

2.2.3 Main indices of mechanical behavior24

2.3 Complete compressive stressestrain curve.28

2.3.1 Testing method28

2.3.2 Equation for complete curve29

2.4Tensilestrengthanddeformation33

2.4.1Testingmethodandindexoftensilebehavior.33

2.4.2Tensilefailureprocessandcharacteristic39

2.4.3Equationofcompletestressestraincurve42

2.5Shearstrengthanddeformation.44

2.5.1Rationaltestingmethod44

2.5.2Failurecharacteristicandshearstrength48

2.5.3Shearstrainandmodulus.49

CHAPTER3BehaviorUnderIn.uenceofMainFactors.53

3.1Loadactedrepeatedly54

3.2Eccentriccompression.59

3.2.1Testingmethod59

3.2.2Mainexperimentalresults60

3.2.3Stressestrainrelation64

3.3Eccentricand.exuraltensions66

3.3.1Failureprocess66

3.3.2Ultimatetensilestrengthandplasticity-dependentcoef.cient67

3.3.3Themaximumtensilestrainatultimateload69

3.3.4Variationsofstrainandneutralaxisofsection69

3.3.5Equationsforcompletestressestraincurve.70

3.4 Age.71

3.4.1Compressivestrength72

3.4.2Modulusofelasticity74

3.5 Shrinkage75

3.5.1Kindandquantityofcement76

3.5.2Property,size,andquantityofaggregate.76

3.5.3Curingcondition.76

3.5.4Environmentalconditionofservicestage76

3.5.5Shapeandsizeofstructuralmember.76

3.5.6Otherfactors.76

3.6 Creep78

3.6.1Basicconcept78

3.6.2Mainin.uencefactors82

3.6.3Calculationformulas.85

CHAPTER4VariousStructuralConcrete89

4.1 High-strengthconcrete.90

4.1.1Applicationandpreparation.90

4.1.2Basicmechanicalbehavior.92

4.2 Light-weightconcrete99

4.2.1Classi.cation.99

4.2.2Basicmechanicalbehavior.101

4.3 Fiberconcrete.106

4.3.1Classi.cation.106

4.3.2Basicmechanicalbehavior.108

CHAPTER5MultiaxialStrengthandConstitutiveRelation113

5.1 Experimentalequipmentandmethod115

5.2 Generalregularitiesofmultiaxialstrengthanddeformation.118

5.2.1Biaxialstressstates.119

5.2.2Triaxialstressstates122

5.2.3Differentmaterialsandloadingpaths129

5.3 Typicalfailurepatternsandtheirboundaries132

5.3.1Breakingintension.132

5.3.2Columnarcrushing133

5.3.3Splittingintopieces134

5.3.4Inclinedshearing.134

5.3.5Extrudingandshifting135

5.4Failurecriterion137

5.4.1Shapeoffailureenvelopeanditsexpression.137

5.4.2Failurecriterion141

5.4.3Calculationchartsformultiaxialstrength146

5.5Constitutiverelation.147

5.5.1Modelsoflinearelasticity149

5.5.2Modelsofnon-linearelasticity.150

5.5.3Modelsofothercategories.151

PART2 COMBINATIONFUNCTIONOFREINFORCEMENTANDCONCRETE

CHAPTER6MechanicalBehaviorofReinforcement.159

6.1Reinforcementusedinconcretestructure.159

6.1.1Reinforcement(diameter6e40mm).160

6.1.2High-strengthwire(diameter4e9mm)161

6.1.3Shapesteel161

6.1.4Ferrocement162

6.1.5Othersubstitutivematerials162

6.2Stressestrainrelation.163

6.2.1Mildsteel163

6.2.2Hardsteel(wire).166

6.3Deformationunderactionofcyclicloads.167

6.4Behavioraftercold-worked.172

6.4.1Cold-stretchingandage-hardening173

6.4.2Cold-drawn.175

6.5Creepandrelaxation176

6.5.1Kindofsteel.178

6.5.2Sustainingtimeofcontrolstress178

6.5.3Stresslevel178

6.5.4Temperature179

CHAPTER7BondBetweenReinforcementandConcrete.181

7.1Functionandcompositionofbond182

7.1.1Functionandclassi.cation.182

7.1.2Composition184

7.2Testmethodandbondmechanism186

7.2.1Testmethod.186

7.2.2Plainreinforcement.189

7.2.3Deformedreinforcement.190

7.3In.uencefactors.193

7.3.1Strengthofconcrete(fcuorft)194

7.3.2Thicknessofconcretecover(c).195

7.3.3Bondlengthofreinforcement(l).195

7.3.4Diameterandshapeofreinforcement196

7.3.5Transversestirrup(rsv).197

7.3.6Transversecompressivestress(q)198

7.3.7Otherfactors.198

7.4Constitutivemodelforbondstresseslip.199

7.4.1Calculationofcharacteristicvalues.200

7.4.2Equationforsescurve.201

CHAPTER8MechanicalBehaviorUnderAxialForce205

8.1Compressivemember.206

8.1.1Basicequations.206

8.1.2Analysisofstressandstrain(ey

8.1.3Analysisofstressandstrain(ey>ep)210

8.2Tensilemember212

8.2.1Basicequationsforanalysis.212

8.2.2Analysesofstressanddeformationwithineverystage213

8.2.3Minimumreinforcementrate215

8.2.4Tensionstiffening.216

8.3Generalregularity218

CHAPTER9Con.nedConcrete.221

9.1Columnwithspiralbar222

9.1.1Mechanicalmechanismandfailureprocess222

9.1.2Ultimatestrength224

9.2Rectangulartiedcolumn226

9.2.1Failureprocess226

9.2.2Workingmechanismofrectangulartie229

9.2.3Equationforcompletestressestraincurve234

9.3Steel-tube-con.nedconcrete238

9.3.1Mechanicalcharacteristicandmechanism.238

9.3.2Calculationofultimatestrength.241

9.4Localcompression.244

9.4.1Mechanicalcharacteristicandmechanism.244

9.4.2Calculationofstrength.249

CHAPTER10 MechanicalResponseofDeformationDifference253

10.1Shrinkageofconcrete254

10.1.1Generalanalysismethod254

10.1.2Practicalcalculationmethod256

10.2 Difference of thermal deformation259

10.3 Creep of concrete.263

10.3.1 Stress redistribution on section under sustained load .263

10.3.2 Stress state after unloaded265

PART 3 STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBER

CHAPTER 11 Strength of Member Under Compression and Bending 269

11.1 Mechanical process and failure pattern.269

11.1.1 Rectangular beam with tensile reinforcement only . 269

11.1.2 Suitably, less-, and over-reinforced beams 272

11.1.3 Eccentrically compressed column (and tensed member)275

11.2 Additional .exure of long column280

11.3 General method for sectional analysis283

11.4 Ultimate strength .289

11.4.1 Calculation formulas 289

11.4.2 Member under biaxial bending 295

11.5 Members of various materials and structural details298

11.5.1 High-strength concrete . 298

11.5.2 Light-weight concrete. 299

11.5.3 Reinforcements with different strengths 300

11.5.4 Reinforcement without yielding plateau301

11.5.5 Reinforcements distributed along sectional depth.301

11.5.6 Non-rectangular sections 303

Principles of Reinforced Concrete 钢筋混凝土原理

作者：Zhenhai Guo·过镇海

定价：138元

印次：1-1

ISBN：9787302385301

出版日期：2014.12.01

印刷日期：2014.12.09

出版社：清华大学出版社